Abstract: 　　
　　Based on the Turpan documents in Selected Archives of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty, this paper explores the education of Chinese free private schools in Xinjiang from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, combined with the educational history of the late Qing Dynasty and the practice of border governance. Focusing on the logic of "language - culture - identity", the study finds that the Qing government constructed a progressive path from language acquisition to identity formation through teaching activities such as literacy training, recitation and composition writing. Innovatively adopting the perspective of publishing and media, the official authorities compiled and printed textbooks in a unified manner, forming a knowledge dissemination network to systematically encode Confucian values. Relying on mechanisms such as teacher deployment and assessment result announcements, these free private schools promoted the implementation of state will at the grassroots level. Writing training encouraged ethnic minority students to take the initiative to express values in Chinese, realizing the subjective construction of identity. This interactive model of "publication - education - identity" was a state-led cultural integration project. It not only reconstructed the cultural and educational system in the border areas, but also implanted the sense of the Chinese nation as one united community into the grassroots through institutionalized communication. In addition, it provided a model for the language policies of modern China and offers important enlightenment for the "Cultural Enhancement of Xinjiang" initiative in the new era.
　　Based on the Turpan documents in Selected Archives of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty, this paper explores the education of Chinese free private schools in Xinjiang from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, combined with the educational history of the late Qing Dynasty and the practice of border governance. Focusing on the logic of "language - culture - identity", the study finds that the Qing government constructed a progressive path from language acquisition to identity formation through teaching activities such as literacy training, recitation and composition writing. Innovatively adopting the perspective of publishing and media, the official authorities compiled and printed textbooks in a unified manner, forming a knowledge dissemination network to systematically encode Confucian values. Relying on mechanisms such as teacher deployment and assessment result announcements, these free private schools promoted the implementation of state will at the grassroots level. Writing training encouraged ethnic minority students to take the initiative to express values in Chinese, realizing the subjective construction of identity. This interactive model of "publication - education - identity" was a state-led cultural integration project. It not only reconstructed the cultural and educational system in the border areas, but also implanted the sense of the Chinese nation as one united community into the grassroots through institutionalized communication. In addition, it provided a model for the language policies of modern China and offers important enlightenment for the "Cultural Enhancement of Xinjiang" initiative in the new era.