Against the backdrop of the deepening of the digital education strategy, the importance of the standardized construction and governance of digital textbooks as the core carrier of educational digital transformation is increasingly prominent. At present, China has initially established a standard specification system for digital textbooks, but still faces a series of challenges in management adaptation, construction implementation, and other aspects. This paper aims to systematically explore the system architecture of digital textbook construction from the perspective of standards and specifications, analyze its practical difficulties, and propose the corresponding optimization paths to promote the standardization and high-quality development of digital textbooks.

The research process is mainly divided into three parts. First, explain the connotation, characteristics, and multidimensional system architecture of digital textbook standards. Second, from the perspectives of management and construction, analyze in depth the practical difficulties faced by the governance of digital textbook standards. Finally, in response to the existing issues, propose a systematic path for standard construction and governance optimization.

Research finds that digital textbook standards and specifications have fundamental attributes of three-dimensional integration of education, technology, and publishing. Their system architecture horizontally covers content, technology, and quality standards, and vertically consists of national, industry, group, and enterprise standards. The core function is to standardize development, ensure content quality, promote interoperability, and support decision-making. However, at the practical level, standard governance faces significant challenges. In terms of management, the paradigm shift from "paper" to "digital" involves difficulties in dynamic content review, complex security risks, and incomplete data-driven evaluation systems. In terms of construction, there are obstacles to the transformation from "standard text" to "product practice", such as insufficient cross domain collaboration, lagging standards behind technological development, and inconsistent implementation by multiple entities. Based on the analysis results, this paper proposes a systematic optimization path for the construction and governance of digital textbook standards: improving the standard system, accelerating the development of key standards, and strengthening the connection and matching between standards; innovating the working mechanism, and establishing a closed-loop mechanism for dynamic updates, collaborative standardization, and application feedback; strengthening the implementation supervision, and ensuring the implementation of standards through publicity and training, testing and certification, and inclusion in the quality evaluation system; forward looking the technological development, and actively responding to the new standards and issues brought by technologies such as generative AI and adaptive learning.